
ST. JOSEPH CATHOLIC CHURCH
SPANISH TOWN, JAMAICA
HISTORY
“ A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots. “ ( Marcus Mosiah Garvey )
The above quotation is quite apt as it places into context, the need for the laity of St. Joseph, Spanish Town, to appreciate the origins / history of their church.
On September 25, 1493, Christopher Columbus left the Seaport of Cadiz, Spain, with seventeen ships and One Thousand Five Hundred men. Among the crew, were soldiers, priests, government officials, farmers and workmen. Unlike his first voyage in 1492, Christopher Columbus had no difficulty enrolling men for his second voyage because the men were all eager to find gold to harness a quick fortune, so this exploration was quite extensive.
The records revealed that the church in Sixteenth Century Spain occupied pride of place. The church owned vast acreage of land. As a result, its leaders enjoy the same privilege as any “titled lay lord”. The churchmen were so powerful that the rulers of Spain took advice from them. The Archdeacon of Seville was instrumental in providing money and supplies for Columbus’ voyages. The churchmen also became some of the chief architects of the Spanish Empire. Priests were supplied with grants of land for the church, free passages , free wine and oil for the monasteries. Local schools were attached to monasteries and colleges were run by priests, for example, the Jesuits. ( Augier et al. 20 )
It is against this background that the genesis of the Catholic presence evolved in Jamaica and other countries of the Americas.
The history books tell us that Christopher Columbus came upon the beautiful island of Jamaica on May 3, 1494. Some researchers claimed that he landed at Seville, near St. Ann’s Bay. However, it was not until 1509 that a small population of Spanish Settlers began to occupy Jamaica. They used the island for cattle rearing. Among these Roman Catholic settlers were a few priests who administered the sacraments . The sojourn of these settlers were cut short by diseases, some of which were caused by mosquitoes. Consequently, in 1534, twenty five years after settling in the seaside town of Seville, they moved to the south side of the island to a settlement they called Villa de la Vega (modern day Spanish Town).
When Spanish Town was Santiago De La Vega, the Spaniards had an Abbey Church in the little Town’s Plaza. There were too few Catholics and fewer priests to merit a Cathedral and a Bishop, so an Abbot was sent from Havana, Cuba and with him, one secular priest. North of the town on the banks of the Rio Cobre, the Dominicans had built a monastery of stone and attached to this monastery was their chapel dedicated to Our Lady of Perpetual Help. About half- a- mile south of that monastery, the Franciscans who predated the Dominicans, built their monastery dedicated to the patron of Spain, St. James of Compostela, and a church dedicated to the Expectation of the Blessed Virgin Mary. This little church was built on the site of the present Anglican Cathedral. The monasteries and the church have been destroyed, but the remaining historical evidence is White Church Street and Red Church Street in Spanish Town.
Two other religious chapels, known as hermitages, augmented the number of buildings dedicated to ‘divine’ service in the island. Both were situated outside the capital, which was Spanish Town. One is said to have been built on the site of the then School of Agriculture (JSA) at Twickenham Park. The site of the other hermitage is not known. The priests had to travel to the haciendas (villages) to celebrate Mass because of the limited number of churches. The faithful came to Santiago De La Vega for Confirmation.
The wealth of the Americas made the Spanish neglect the islands in the West Indies with the exception of Cuba and Santo Domingo. Thus, these islands became vulnerable to competing European explorers, such as, the French, Dutch and English. In 1534, King Henry VIII of England decided to break ties with the Catholic church. He called his new church, the Catholic Church of England with the Pope as its head. To identify and differentiate both churches, Catholics had to accept the title, ‘ Roman’. Today, the two churches are referred to as “ The Roman Catholic Church “ and “The Church of England” , popularly known as the Anglicans.
The Spanish era came to an end with the invasion by the English forces at Portsmouth, St. Catherine on May 10, 1655. Given the split with the Roman Catholic Church in England, the English banned the Roman Catholic church in Jamaica. This ban remained in force for 136 years and was lifted in 1791. It was not until 1792 before Roman Catholic priests began to arrive in Jamaica. In the days and weeks that followed the English invasion, the Roman Catholic churches in Spanish Town were burnt to the ground and the bells were melted down into shots for the cannons to defend the island against the Spanish who fought the English. The Spanish did not surrender until both countries ( Spain and England ) signed the Treaty of Madrid in 1670 which officially gave Jamaica to England.
During the Spanish occupation of Jamaica, African slaves were introduced but in limited numbers. With the advent of the English, the population of African slaves grew exponentially. The huge sugar plantations require cheap labour and so thousands of slaves were transported to Jamaica from Africa every year. It is said that in 1774, 18, 448 slaves were brought to Jamaica, the highest recorded so far. The church then, made little progress in converting these slaves to Christianity because the clergy failed to recognize the ways of worship of these Africans. The first Catholic baptism of slaves was in 1795 and the last was in August 1834. Over the thirty nine year period, 230 slaves were baptized in Kingston. On 1st August 1836, 311, 075 slaves emerged from the status of apprenticeship as freed men. Among these slaves were a handful of Catholics, the majority of them were of different denominations, such as, Anglicans, Moravians, Wesleyan- Methodists, Baptists and Presbyterians.
In 1837, the Roman Catholic Church in Jamaica became a Vicariate of Rome and was entrusted to the Society of Jesus ( The Jesuits ). Only two of the planned four Jesuits arrived in the island. One was an Englishman, Father William Cotham and the other was a Frenchman, Father James Dupeyron. Both men tried to establish a church in Spanish Town, which was the nation’s capital.
Father Francis Osbourne S. J. , author of the book, “History of the Catholic Church in Jamaica”, wrote that the Vicar Apostolic and Cotham set out to seek the Catholics who had no opportunity of receiving the sacraments of penance or Holy Eucharist except on a visit to Kingston. Spanish Town which was thirteen miles away was their first stop. They found 130 soldiers and about 100 civilians. By December 1838, Father Cotham and Father Dupeyron, settled in an old house in Spanish Town which they rented for twenty- four pounds ( £24.00 ) per year.
The building served as rectory, chapel and school. In fine weather it was comfortable, but in the rainy season, umbrellas had to be used in hallways and staircases. When the Catholic citizens of Spanish tried to purchase the house, the owner increased the price from Four Hundred and Fifty pounds ( £450.00 ) to Eight Hundred Pounds ( £800.00 ). Eventually, a school was opened with five scholars who paid one shilling and five pence per week. The Fathers were discouraged by the turn of events because of the slow progress of the mission.
In one of Father Cotham’s letters dated February 3, 1839, Father Osbourne quoted from it, the following :
“ The Lord knows what good we shall do here, our prospects appear very
gloomy to me at present; but things can scarcely be in worse state: a
great many have never once been to chapel, only about five have made
their last Easter Communion, possibly there may be eight or ten next Easter;
Very few of the children come for instructions. A Protestant lady called for
Instructions of the Catholic doctrine but we have not seen her for several
weeks and her Catholic husband has never been to Mass…….
As a specimen of the drunkenness of the soldiers, Sunday before Mass no
less than six of the sentinels at the gate of the barracks of Spanish Town
were unarmed , stripped of their belts and coats, handcuffed and tumbled
off into confinement for being drunk; this was at ten in the morning.
When soldiers are going to church, the officers are obliged to examine
them by parading them for some time to see which of them are too drunk
to go to prayers” .
The above quotation epitomizes the disillusionment of the Fathers then. Despite this though, the records revealed the growth of the church in later years. In 1850, the population of Jamaica amounted to 400,000. Of this number, 5000 were Catholics, but only a handful of priests.
The 1860’s in Jamaica marked a time of social unrest. The system of slavery on which the economy was built, came to an end. Thus, twenty two years later, the social order deteriorated because no positive social reforms were introduced. The society was left adrift. The champion of the ex-slaves, George William Gordon, faced off with the governor at the time, Governor John Eyre.
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In 1870, the need for a new church in Spanish Town was evident. The Catholics of the then capital city began a building fund. The vicar apostolic, the very Rev. James Dupeyron S.J., issued a general appeal for contributions. He donated 120 pounds, a sum bequeathed to him and 80 pounds that he received from the Association for the Propagation of the Faith. Father Bertolo raised another 600 pounds and the new church was completed in 1872 at a cost of 800 pounds.
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In the period 1908 – 1919, the church in Spanish Town played a pivotal role in forging its missions. It assisted with the establishment of a mission station in Clarendon. Father Frederick Grewn who resided in Spanish Town, travelled twenty – three miles away to celebrate Mass on one Sunday of each month at a private home in the parish. In addition to the establishment of this mission, the church in Spanish Town was also instrumental in establishing a home for lepers. This home was run by the Marist Sisters who had worked with lepers in the Fiji islands. Other missions evolved over the years. The churches along Junction Road were mission stations of Stony Hill, St. Andrew. The mission station on the hill above Annotto Bay bear witness to the tireless journeys of the missionaries.
In his book , “History of the Catholic Church in Jamaica BWI” and published in 1929, Father Francis Delaney S. J., states that the Sacraments were administered in Spanish Town by “1866”. By 1868, St. Joseph Parish was under the stewardship of Father Mark Bertolo S. J. According to research done for the 125th Anniversary of the Parish, the writer states that “ there is a plaque on the church wall commemorating this beloved pastor who died in 1876 after serving the church for seven years” . St. Joseph is credited as being the base of many missions. Present day churches, such as, Good Shepherd, Reconciliation, Atonement, St. Francis Xavier, Sacred Heart and St. Helens all owe their genesis to St. Joseph.
Although the foregoing years were challenging for those who paved the way, nevertheless, with tenacity of spirit and purpose, they have left the church with a solid legacy that can be emulated. We, the inheritors of this legacy, have grasped the vision and have continued the mission.
Today, 178 years since Fathers Cotham and Dupeyron began their education journey, schools affiliated to St. Joseph have grown exponentially to keep pace with an ever increasing population. Their achievements over the years have been phenomenal.
This year, St. Joseph is celebrating 150 years of remarkable achievements. These are achievements that are grounded in our Mission Statement which is :
“ We, the Parishoners of St. Joseph respond to God’s Covenant with us
by Proclaiming His Word, Building His Community, Celebrating His
Liturgy and serving His people, through Evangelization”.
Education continues to be the hallmark of the Catholic church and St. Joseph has played a pivotal role in the education and development of the children of its members and the wider society. In 1838, Fathers Cotham and Dupeyron founded a school in Spanish Town with five students. In 1948, noted Jesuit priest, Father Matthew Ashe, continued the work started by the foregoing Fathers. His successors, the Religious Sisters of Mercy and the Franciscans ( Brown and Blue Sisters ) followed in their footsteps. The following schools are a testament to their hard work.
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St. Catherine Primary St. Catherine Basic and Infant Schools
St. Catherine Preparatory St. John’s Primary
St. Catherine High McAuley Primary
As a church, we have produced several individuals who have devoted their time, talent and treasure to building and enhancing God’s Kingdom here on earth. The following are a testament to this vision :
Father Leslie Russell S.J. (deceased ) ……………. First home grown priest
The Most Reverend Kenneth Richards, ………….. First home grown Bishop to be ordained Archbishop of Kingston - 2016
Father Richard Brown…………………… …………… Home grown priest who is the current Pastor
Father Roger Graham…………………………………… Another home grown priest who is the current
Pastor at St. John The Baptist and Our Lady of
The Angels Churches.
Reverend David Yee Sing………………… First home grown Deacon
Reverend Winston Mars …………………………………Home grown Deacon, currently serving at The
Churches of Reconciliation and Good Shepherd
Reverend Standford Lyew……………………………… Home grown Deacon, serving St. Joseph and Our Lady of Hope Lady of Hope churches.
Joseph Fung……………………………………………… Current Acolyte
Other Religious who are home grown products of St. Joseph are as follows :
Sister Jacquelyn – Folkes ……………………………………… Blue Sister
Sister Gertrude Fletcher (deceased ) …………………. Blue Sister
Sister Clotilde…………………………………………………… Mercy Sister
Sister Simone Maris………………………………………………. DDL
St. Joseph is truly built on solid mission and vision crafted by those who went on before. The work continues by a clergy and laity who are cognizant of the need to reach out to the less fortunate and those who are in need of God’s redeeming Hand. May God bless St. Joseph as it strives to be the “Beacon” in an ever changing world.
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